principal adj. 1.主要的,首要的,最重要的;第一的。 2.領(lǐng)頭的;負(fù)責(zé)人的,首長的。 3.資本的,本金的,作為本錢的。 the principal actor 主要演員,主角。 the principal boy [girl] (啞劇中)扮演男[女]主角的女演員。 the principal offender 【法律】主犯。 the principal sum 資本,本金,本錢。 principal operations 主力戰(zhàn)。 principal clause 【語法】(復(fù)合句中的)主句。 principal order 【化學(xué)】主序模。 principal parts 【語法】(動詞的)主要變化形式〔現(xiàn)在、過去式及過去分詞〕。 principal sentence 【語法】主句 (=principal clause)。 principal tone 【音樂】主音。 n. 1.長;長官;首長;負(fù)責(zé)人;校長;社長;會長。 2.主動者;決斗的本人 (opp. second) 主要演員,主角;【法律】主犯;本人;(經(jīng)紀(jì)人、代理人、受委托人所代表的)委托人 (opp. agent, surety)。 3.【商業(yè)】資本,本金 (opp. interest, dividend) 基本財產(chǎn) (opp. income)。 4.【建筑】(主要)屋架;主構(gòu),主材。 5.【音樂】主音栓;(音樂會的)主奏者,獨奏者,獨唱者,主演者。 6.(藝術(shù)作品的)主題;特征。 a lady principal 女校長。 I must consult my principal. 我必須同委托人商量。 principal and interest 本利。 a principal in the first degree 主[從]犯。
maximum n. (pl. maximums, -ma ) 極點,最大,最高,最高額,最大值;最高點;最大限度;【數(shù)學(xué)】極大(值)(opp. minimum)。 The excitement was at its maximum. 興奮到極點。 adj. 最大的,最高的,頂點的,最多的。 maximum draught [draft] 【航?!孔畲蟪运疃?。 maximum obscuration 【天文學(xué)】蝕甚。 a maximum range 最大射程。 a maximum thermometer 最高溫度計。
Deduction of failure criterion for geomaterials based on maximum principal shear strain 巖土材料最大主剪應(yīng)變破壞準(zhǔn)則的推導(dǎo)
In the middle of tunnel , maximum principal stress at horizontal is bigger than that at vertical , the magnitude is 17 ~ 23mpa , which formed the high stress site 隧道中部大埋深地段,最大水平主應(yīng)力一般都大于垂直主應(yīng)力。量級在17 23mpa左右,屬于高應(yīng)力地段。
( 6 ) the principal stress direction arised deflexion obviously after excavation , the maximum principal stress paralled to opening , minimum principal stress vertical to sidewall or vault ( 6 )數(shù)值模擬研究表明,隧道開挖后,主應(yīng)力方向發(fā)生明顯偏轉(zhuǎn),最大主應(yīng)力與開挖臨空面平行,最小主應(yīng)力近于垂直。
Taking protective measures can obviously reduce the face slab ' s surface temperature drop - out range and the maximum principal stress amplification caused by temperature sudden drop , and the stronger protective measures are , the more obvious reduced effect is 采取保護(hù)措施,可以明顯削減氣溫驟降所產(chǎn)生的面板降溫幅度及最大主應(yīng)力增幅,保護(hù)措施越強其削減效果越明顯。
A bearing surface transmits the interaction between an arch dam and its foundation , the strength of which directly affects the constraint of the bedrock to the dam , and thus affects the stress and deformation of the dam . the influence is studied in this paper with nonlinear finite element method , as an example , for a high arch dam in design . the results show that the influence on stress is only limited within the local area near the bearing surface , larger on the maximum principal tensile stress than on the principal compression stress , and the decrease of the strength does not cause unlimited increase of the maximum stress . the influence on the displacement of the top of the dam is smaller than that of the bottom of the dam , especially the relative downstream displacement . at the lower strength of the bearing surface , the relative downstream displacement at the bottom of the dam increases with the decrease of the strength 建基面是傳遞拱壩和基巖相互作用的紐帶,它的強度直接影響基巖對壩體的約束,從而影響壩體的應(yīng)力和變形.采用非線性有限單元法,以設(shè)計中的某高拱壩為例,分析建基面強度對壩體應(yīng)力和變形的影響.結(jié)果表明建基面強度對壩體應(yīng)力的影響僅限于建基面附近的局部范圍,對最大主拉應(yīng)力的影響要大于對最大主壓應(yīng)力的影響,建基面強度的降低不會無限地增大壩體的應(yīng)力數(shù)值;建基面強度對壩頂位移的影響較小,但對壩底位移(尤其是順河向相對位移)的影響較大,當(dāng)建基面強度較低時,壩底順河向相對位移隨建基面強度的降低而增大
Research shows that four factors have great influence on the formation of complex rock mass . first , rock mass subjected six times of tectonic movement during long period of geo - history , each tectonic movement produced fractures and associated joints corresponding to the orientation of maximum principal stress and deteriorated the properties of fractures formed at former period ( s ) . second , down - cutting of langcangjiang river produced unloading fractures 采用了四種巖體質(zhì)量分級評價方案對研究區(qū)巖體質(zhì)量進(jìn)行了研究,這四種方案包括:工程巖體分級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)( gb50218 - 94 ) 、水利水電圍巖工程地質(zhì)分類( gb50267 ? 99 ) 、巖體rmr分類( bieniawski , 1973 ) 、巖體質(zhì)量指數(shù)z分級(小灣, 1995 ) 。
The surface of natural fracture ( crack ) is parallel to the orientation of maximum principal stress . the principle orientation of anisotropic permeability reservoirs agrees with the orientation of the maximum principle stress . many engineering problems ( e . g . bore - hole stability , casing deformation failure during drilling , reasonable arrangement of wells , the optimum design of hydraulic fracture and so on ) are influenced by the in - situ stress orientation 天然裂縫面和裂隙面與最大主應(yīng)力方向平行;在各向異性低滲透率油田中主滲透率方向與最大水平主應(yīng)力方向趨向一致:在鉆井過程中井壁穩(wěn)定性,套管變形和損壞,油田開發(fā)井網(wǎng)合理布置、水力壓裂優(yōu)化設(shè)計等都與地應(yīng)力方向有關(guān)。